Noble Gases Elements in Periodic Table

The Noble gases are precisely the members of Group 18, and they are all colourless, odourless, non-flammable, and tasteless monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. 'Noble gas' is translated from the German noun Edelgas, in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their superficial level of reactivity.

 

The six naturally occurring noble gases are 2 Helium (He), 18 Neon (Ne), 18 Argon (Ar), 36 Krypton (Kr), 54 Xenon (Xe), and the radioactive 86 Radon (Rn). 118 Oganesson (Og) element predicted to be a noble gas as well; its chemistry has not yet investigated.

 

The Noble gases are typically highly un-reactive except when under extreme, particular conditions. The inertness of the noble gases makes them very suitable for applications where reactions are not wanted. For example, Argon is used in incandescent lamps to prevent the hot tungsten filament from oxidizing; also, helium used in breathing gas by deep-sea divers to prevent oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) toxicity.

 

Atomic Number	Element	Symbol	No. of electrons
2	Helium	He	2
10	Neon	Ne	2, 8
18	Argon	Ar	2, 8, 8
36	Krypton	Kr	2, 8, 18, 8
54	Xenon	Xe	2, 8, 18, 18, 8
86	Radon	Rn	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8

 

1. Helium (He): Helium (He) is a chemical element with atomic number 2. It is a colourless, tasteless, odourless, inert, non-toxic and monatomic gas; Helium is first noble gas in the periodic table. Helium's boiling point is the lowest among all the elements in the periodic table. Helium is the second most abundant and second lightest element in the observable universe (hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant).

 

Periodic Group: 18, Period: 1, Block: S, Electronics per Shell: 2

Melting Point: 0.95K ​(−272.20 °C, ​−457.96 °F), Boiling Point: 4.222 K ​(−268.928 °C, ​−452.070 °F)

 

Helium is translated from the Greek Titan of the Sun, Helios. It was first detected as an unknown, Janssen and Norman Lockyer is jointly credited for detecting the Helium element. Janssen recorded the helium spectral line during the solar eclipse of 1868, while Lockyer observed it from Britain. In 1903, large reserves of Helium (He) were found in natural gas fields in parts of the United States of America, which is the largest supplier of the gas today.

 

2. Neon: Neon (Ne) is a chemical element with atomic number 10. It is a colourless, inert, odourless monatomic gas under standard and extreme conditions, with about 2/3 the density of air. Neon was discovered in 1898 as one of the three residual rare inert elements remaining in dry air after oxygen, nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide were removed.

 

Periodic Group: 18, Period: 2, Block: P, Electronics per Shell: 2, 8

Melting Point: 24.56K ​(−248.59 °C, ​−415.46 °F), Boiling Point: 27.104 K ​(−246.046 °C, ​−410.883 °F)

 

Neon was discovered by the British chemists' Sir William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers in London. Neon discovered when William Ramsay chilled the air until it became a liquid and captured the gases when warmed the liquid. First to be identified was krypton. After Krypton (Kr) had been removed, found a gas which gave a brilliant red light under spectroscopic discharge. This gas, identified was named "neon", the Greek analogue of the Latin novum ('new') suggested by Ramsay's son.

 

3. Argon: Argon (Ar) is a chemical element with atomic number 18. Argon is the 3rd most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at (9340 ppmv) 0.934%. Argon is more than twice as abundant as water (H2O) vapour, 23 times as abundant as carbon dioxide (CO2) (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as Neon (Ne) (18ppmv). Argon is the most abundant noble gas in the Earth's crust, comprising 0.00015% of the crust.

 

Periodic Group: 18, Period: 3, Block: P, Electronics per Shell: 2, 8, 8

Melting Point: 83.81K ​(−189.34 °C, ​−308.81 °F), Boiling Point: 87.302 K ​(−185.848 °C, ​−302.526 °F)

 

Argon (neuter singular form of ἀργός meaning "lazy" or "inactive") is named about its chemical inactivity. Nearly all of the Argon in the Earth's atmosphere is radiogenic Argon-40, derived from the decay of Potassium-40 in the Earth's crust. In the universe, Argon-36 is by far the most common argon isotope, as it is the most efficiently produced by stellar nucleosynthesis in supernovas.

 

4. Krypton: Krypton (Kr) is a chemical element with atomic number 36. It is a colourless, tasteless and odourless noble gas that occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere. Krypton is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. With rare exceptions, Krypton (Kr) is chemically inert. Krypton is used in photography and lighting as the other noble gases.

 

Periodic Group: 18, Period: 4, Block: P, Electronics per Shell: 2, 8, 18, 8

Melting Point: 115.78K ​(−157.37 °C, ​−251.27 °F), Boiling Point: 119.93 K ​(−153.415 °C, ​−244.147 °F)

 

Krypton was discovered in 1998 by William Ramsay (Scottish chemist) and Morris Travers (English chemist) in Britain, in the residue left from evaporating nearly all components of liquid air. A few weeks later, Neon (Ne) was discovered by a similar procedure by the same workers. Ramsay was awarded the Nobel Prize 1904 in Chemistry for the discovery of a series of noble gases, including krypton.

 

5. Xenon (Xe): Xenon is a chemical element atomic number 54. It is a colourless, dense, odourless and unreactive noble gas found in Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Xenon (Xe) can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the Xenon hexafluoroplatinate and the first noble gas compound to be synthesized. Xenon is used in arc lamps and flash lamps and as a general anaesthetic.

 

Periodic Group: 18, Period: 5, Block: P, Electronics per Shell: 2, 8, 18, 18, 8

Melting Point: 161.40K ​(−111.75 °C, ​−169.15 °F), Boiling Point: 165.051 K ​(−108.099 °C, ​−162.578 °F)

 

Naturally, occurring Xenon consists of two long-lived radioactive isotopes and seven stable isotopes. Xenon was discovered in England by the Scottish chemist William Ramsay and English chemist Morris Travers in September 1898, shortly after their discovery of the elements krypton and neon. Ramsay suggested the name xenon for this gas from the Greek word ξένον xénon, the neuter singular form of ξένος xénos, meaning 'foreign(er)', 'strange(r)', or 'guest'.

 

6. Radon (Rn): Radon is a chemical element with atomic number 86, and it is a radioactive noble gas. Radon is the most stable isotope, has a half-life of only 3.8 days, making it one of the rarest elements. Since Uranium and Thorium are the most common radioactive elements on the Earth, while also having three isotopes with half-lives on the several billion years, radon will be present on Earth long into the future despite its short half-life.

 

Periodic Group: 18, Period: 6, Block: P, Electronics per Shell: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8

Melting Point: 202K ​(−71 °C, ​−96 °F), Boiling Point: 211.5K ​(−61.7 °C, ​−79.1 °F)

 

Radon is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas and therefore is not detectable by human senses alone. Radon is the densest element of all noble gases and also one of the densest gas at the room temperature. Radon is appreciably not more soluble in water as soluble in organic liquids. Radon is chemically not very reactive and a member of the zero-valence elements.